The HIV-1 neutralizing activity of nano-curcumin is significantly reduced by antibody to human transferrin receptor in both SUPT1 cells (Fig. 6B) and PBMCs (Fig. 6D), confirming that the superior ability of nano-curcumin to inhibit HIV-1 infection is dependent on cellular uptake mediated by the transferrin receptor. This evidence concerns the gene TFRC and HIV-1 infection.