Higher rates of serious infection, regardless of whether infections were in the control or the tocilizumab groups, were associated with increased age, body mass index ≥ 30, previous use of a TNF inhibitor, and history of chronic (obstructive or restrictive) pulmonary disease or diabetes (for control and tocilizumab 8 mg/kg) (Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and diabetes mellitus.