The expression of Ang-1, Ang-2, Tie2, VEGF-A and VEGF-C was quantified as a ratio with the expression of the housekeeping gene RPLP0. We found that the median levels of Ang-1, Tie2, VEGF-A and VEGF-C were significantly higher (P-value all <0.001; Supplementary Figure 1), but that of Ang-2 was significantly lower (P=0.019) in MDS patients than in normal controls. Here, VEGFC is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.