The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signal pathway, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 kinase, has been recognized as a central mechanism underlying development of many types of cardiovascular disease, including cardiac failure and hypertrophy [38]. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is cardiovascular disorder.