rs4998386 frequency was different between Ashkenazi-Jewish and non-Jewish individuals (P = 0.02) and across the European countries of ancestral origin (P = 3×10−3) in cases, but not in controls, which, PD being heterogeneous, may indicate different ethnic-specific clusters of disease subtypes as has been noted for LRRK2-associated PD [34]. This evidence concerns the gene LRRK2 and Parkinson disease.