Although the mechanisms leading to IRF-1 activation at the transcriptional level are not known, it is interesting to note that at least in ovarian cancer a convergence is observed between the immune phenotype and the expression of IFN-γ[119], IL-12 p35 and IL-23 p19 [85] which are powerful stimulators of IRF-1 expression. This evidence concerns the gene IRF1 and ovarian carcinoma.