IRF1 and neoplasm: At the transcriptional level, expression of CXCR3 and CCR5 ligands is tightly controlled by the activation of the IFN-γ/STAT-1/IRF-1 axis; however, when the expression of the CXCL-9, CXCL-11 and CCL-5 is assessed in melanoma metastases, almost a perfect correlation is observed between them and their respective receptors CXCR3 and CCR5 expressed by tumor-infiltrating T cells and NK cells.