CypA silence significantly reduces cell proliferation in M139, M213, and M214 cells, while forced overexpression of CypA in two other CCA cell lines, M055 and KKU100, had the converse effect; M055 and KKU100 cells overexpressing CypA demonstrated significantly higher rates of cell proliferation than the respective vector control cells, which had relatively low endogenous CypA expression. This evidence concerns the gene PPIA and cholangiocarcinoma.