Furthermore, early initiation of HAART in patients with depleted CD4 counts and opportunistic illnesses, such as tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis, cryptococcosis, and Kaposi's sarcoma, is associated with increased risk of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome [13,30], which may increase difficulties in clinical management and mortality in resource-limited settings. Here, CD4 is linked to Kaposi's sarcoma.