The effects of polymorphisms in a number of genes, including β-globin, G6PD, TNF-α, IFN-γ, CD36, ICAM-1, IL10, IL4R, and LTA (Table 3), upon the clearance of malaria parasites in African individuals was investigated across five large association studies from Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Kenya, Mali, and Sudan. Here, TNF is linked to malaria.