In contrast, research using ex vivo or tissue culture models has consistently shown that exposures to subtoxic concentrations of trivalent iAs or trivalent methylated arsenicals produce effects consistent with diabetes, including inhibition of insulin production by pancreatic β-cells and inhibition of basal or insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by skeletal muscle, cultured adipocytes, or kidney cells [4]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.