DVL3 and craniorachischisis: For Dvl3, which is also required for signals in the PCP pathway to regulate the CE movement during the development of the neural tube, neurulation appeared normal both Dvl3-/- and LtapLp/+(Vangl2/Ltap) mutants, while defects were seen in both Dvl3+/-;LtapLp/+ (7/22, 32%, 5 with craniorachischisis and 2 with exencephaly) and Dvl3-/-;LtapLp/+ mutants (in a total of 16 mutants, 6 with craniorachischisis) [97].