SIRT1 and diabetic kidney disease: In addition to Foxo, several key transcription factors that are known to play a role in podocyte apoptosis and activated in diabetic nephropathy (i.e. p53 [27], [28], TGFβ/SMAD [29], [30], and Jak/Stat [31]) are regulated by acetylation and targeted by Sirt1 for deacetylation.