HLA-B and infection: Three additional markers involving HLA-B that have occasionally been implicated in studies of HIV-1 disease control in other populations but not in Zambians showed associations with acquisition of infection here with nominal p≤0.05: B*44 and either B*51 or the B*51-C*16 haplotype with lower risk (ORs = 0.52 and 0.37 or 0.33, respectively) and B*14 with higher risk (OR = 1.79) (Table 2, Group II).