Compared to the cells incubated with physiologic phosphate level (1.0 mM), those exposed to simulated hyperphosphatemia (3 mM) showed significantly reduced levels of eNOS, cyclin D3, Akt, p-SAPK, p-Erk, p53, PP2A, NF-kB-p65, p-IkB, and Bcl-xl (with decreased Bcl-xl/Bax ratio), but significantly increased level of PKCβ2. Here, NOS3 is linked to hyperphosphatemia.