Table 1 enumerates the clinical characteristics of the two patient groups by serum PSA, clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason grade. Majority of patients had a clinical stage of T1. Creatinine-normalized urinary dimethylglycine and homocysteine were not significantly different between the two groups. However, we found urinary sarcosine to be significantly elevated at the time of surgery in patients who developed biochemical recurrence, as originally reported for patients with frank prostate metastatic lesions [8]. Here, KLK3 is linked to medical procedure.