CSF2 and endothelial dysfunction: The aim of this study was to measure the levels of HMGB1 and sRAGE in the vitreous fluid from patients with PDR and to correlate their levels with clinical disease activity and the levels of other biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, including MCP-1, sICAM-1, IL-1β, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).