HMGB1 and hemorrhage: When patients with PDR were divided into those with or without hemorrhage, the mean levels of inflammatory biomarkers differed significantly between PDR patients with hemorrhage, PDR patients without hemorrhage, and nondiabetic patients for HMGB1 (p=0.0111) and sICAM-1 (p<0.001) but not for MCP-1 (Table 2).