Unlike transferrin, the capability of lactoferrin to retain iron at acid pH, which characterizes infection and inflammation sites, together with its cationic nature (pI ~ 9) may be responsible for its ability to bind to various microbial and viral negative surface structures [31,32,33], and to anionic molecules such as DNA [34], heparin [35], glycosaminoglycans [36] could explain the different functions ascribed to this protein (Figure 3). This evidence concerns the gene LTF and infection.