A number of prospective randomized trials have demonstrated the benefit of pancreatic stent insertion in reducing both the rate and severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis after difficult cannulation, needle-knife precut, biliary sphincterotomy for sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) and manometry, pancreatic sphincterotomy, and endoscopic balloon dilation [23–31] (Table 2). The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is pancreatitis.