Serum levels of TT, FSH, LH and hPRL were analyzed in 21 patients with abnormal semen analyses (OAT n = 5, asthenozoospermia n = 2, teratozoospermia n = 1, oligozoospermia n = 1, cryptozoospermia n = 8, azoospermia n = 4) and compared with 6 control subjects with normal semen analyses (Figure 2A). Here, PLOD1 is linked to Reduced sperm motility.