ER stress appears to play a direct role in the activation of TAG and cholesterol biosynthesis, since overexpression of the ER chaperone GRP78/BiP was reported to inhibit Hcy-induced SREBP-1 gene expression in mammalian cell cultures [64] as well as in mice [89] and lead to reduction of the hepatic steatosis in leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice [89]. The gene discussed is HSPA5; the disease is Hepatic steatosis.