VRK1 and adenocarcinoma: VRK1 is a nuclear kinase [13], [19], while VRK2 has two isoforms, a full-length protein of 508 aminoacids (known as VRK2 and VRK2A) [13], which is anchored to cytosolic organelle membranes, such as endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria by its C-terminal hydrophobic anchoring region [22]; and VRK2B, with 397 aminoacids lacking the C-terminal region and detected both in cytosol and nucleus, perhaps functionally replacing in some aspects VRK1 and detected only in some cellular types, like adenocarcinomas [22].