This result is in conjunction with our hypothesis that miR-144 negatively modulates IRS1. Tyr612-phospho-IRS1 was markedly reduced in T2D, while Ser636+639-phospho-IRS1, responsible in inhibiting the insulin signaling cascade [53], [54] was increased in T2D (Fig. 9). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.