In chronic disorders such as diabetes and obesity MAT hypertrophy is governed by the activation of a family of nuclear receptors- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and γ, farnesoid-x-receptor (FXR) and liver–x-receptor (LXR)- and adipokynes that are well identified targets for medical interventions. This evidence concerns the gene NR1H4 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.