INS and Autoimmunity: Collectively, the aforementioned in vitro and in vivo data, as well as the results in this report, are all consistent with inflammation leading to necrotic cell death; this fate of pancreatic β-cells would likely generate a strong immune response targeted to the insulin-producing cells, which does occur in individuals with autoimmune forms of diabetes, while the available evidence is in favor of apoptosis being more likely to have the opposite effect [18], [19], [23], [66].