Over the last 30 years, prostate cancer rates in the United Kingdom (UK) have almost tripled, although much of the increase is due to increased detection through widespread use of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test (PSA is a 34 kDa glycoprotein enzyme produced by the columnar and ductal prostatic epithelial cells. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is prostate carcinoma.