Several T-cell imbalances were also observed in the CVID cohort, as previously reported [31], namely an expansion of effector-memory T cells, increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and up-regulation of activation markers within both CD4 and CD8 T cells (Figure S2). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and common variable immunodeficiency.