7 BRCA1 and 4 BRCA2 carriers were treated by 3-4 cycles of anthracycline-based neoadjuvant therapy, 10 (91%) of them achieved cCR; pCR were documented in 4 (44%) out of 9 evaluable cases. 27 patients served as controls: cCR and pCR were detected in 8 (30%) and 1 (4%) patients, respectively.These patients were followed for a median period of 7 years. Among complete clinical responders, only 1 (17%) out 6 BRCA1 carriers but 3 (75%) out of 4 BRCA2 carriers died of breast cancer. This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and breast carcinoma.