DDX41 and viral infectious disease: Although the two candidate neutralizing Abs i.e. anti p412 and anti p517 Abs displayed 87.5% and 75% viral neutralization efficiency (table 1), at least two possible explanations do exist for failure to inhibit viral infection in 12.5% and 25% of cases respectively; 1) the presence of escape mutants of viral isolates leading to failure to block mutants by caprine Abs thus allowing viral entry and replication and/or 2) over consumption of caprine Abs by un-assembled E2 protein released to serum from ruptured infected liver cells and varies in quantities from patient to patient [42].