However, future improvements in therapeutic targeting of ERα epigenetic modifications will depend upon a better understanding of: (1) molecular basis by which epigenetic modifications play a role in cancer progression; (2) epigenetic code during progression and therapy resistance using the emerging Chip-Seq methodologies; (3) prognostic significance of the epigenetic marks in hormonal cancer progression and (4) development of specific molecular inhibitors targeting epigenetic modifiers. Here, ESR1 is linked to cancer.