PDE4D and asthma: Previously conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for asthma identified association with the loci on chromosomes 17q21 (ORMDL3 for Caucasian pediatric asthma, odds ratio (OR) = 1.45, P = 1×10−10) [3], 5q21 (PDE4D for pediatric asthma, OR = 0.6, P = 4.7×10−7) [4], 9q21.31 (TLE4 for Hispanic pediatric asthma, OR = 0.6, P = 6.8×10−7) [5], and 1q31 (DENND1B for Europeans and African ancestries [6], OR = 0.77 and 1.41, respectively; combined P = 1.7×10−13).