There was no significant change from baseline to endpoint in HbA1c in this well-controlled patient population in any of the two treatment groups, but a significant improvement in insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome as indicated by a decrease in the HOMAIR score, a decrease in intact proinsulin concentrations, and an increase in adiponectin values was observed in patients treated with pioglitazone (P < 0.001 versus placebo at endpoint in all cases). The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is metabolic syndrome.