Further flow cytometry analysis of infiltrating leukocyte populations revealed that pSAP-treated lupus mice displayed a decrease in renal T cells (CD4+) and B cells (CD19+) as compared to pcDNA3 treated lupus mice (Fig. 6A), but T and B cells only account for a portion of the decreased infiltrating cells in the kidneys of pSAP-treated lupus mice. This evidence concerns the gene CD19 and systemic lupus erythematosus.