TGFB1 and muscular dystrophy: Similarly, the levels of decorin and biglycan, components of the ECM that interact with cytokines such as TGF-β1, as well as modulations of MAPK and myostatin signaling, are altered in various forms of muscular dystrophies including congenital MD, Emery-Dreifuss MD (EDMD) and Becker MD [109-115].