INS and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Recently, we found that common rs2854116 [T-455C] and rs2854117 [C-482T] single nucleotide polymorphisms in an insulin-response element of the promoter region in the APOC3 gene were associated with increased plasma APOC3 concentrations and an increased prevalence of NAFLD and whole-body insulin resistance in healthy lean men.9 These results suggest that increased plasma APOC3 concentrations may predispose lean individuals to NAFLD and hepatic insulin resistance, although the underlying mechanisms for hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance are unclear.