Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with a plethora of heterogeneous interrelated manifestations and complications such as hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and peripheral utilization, decreased hepatic glycolysis, increased gluconeogenesis, dyslipidemia, and so forth, all of which are related primarily to insulin and its action. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.