OPRM1 and Hyperglycemia: We provided new evidence that activation of α1-adrenoceptors on the adrenal gland may increase β-endorphin secretion via the phospholipase C-protein kinase C pathway, which in turn activates peripheral MOR to modify glucose metabolism-associated genes, thereby leading to improved peripheral glucose utilization and decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis for amelioration of severe hyperglycemia in type 1-like diabetes [24].