The systematic immunization of HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice using plasmids encoding GAD65 or the catalytic unit of the intracellular domain of IA-2 has allowed defining 5 GAD peptides (GAD110-118, GAD114-123, GAD159-167, GAD476-484, and GAD536-545) and 4 IA-2 peptides (IA2790-798, IA2805-813, IA2830-839, and IA2962-970) that were recognized by CD8+ T cells from T1D patients, 3 of which (GAD114-123, GAD536-545, and IA2805-813) in more than 25% patients [103]. Here, PTPRN is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.