The Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 Diabetes Study [129] screened 84 228 first and second-degree relatives of T1D patients to select 3152 autoantibody-positive individuals and assigned 339 with a projected five year risk over 50% to close observation or low-dose subcutaneous ultralente insulin, 0.25 U/kg/d plus annual 4 day courses of continuous intravenous insulin infusions with no delay in diabetes development after a median followup of 3.7 years. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.