SMYD3 and cancer: Conversely, numerous studies have strongly implemented SMYD3 as a protooncogene in hepatocellular, colon and breast carcinoma, based on its high levels of endogenous expression, cancer-associated promoter polymorphisms, and cell proliferative effects produced by enforced SMYD3 over-expression in normal cells or SMYD silencing in tumors [5], [22], [23], [24], [25].