Il-10, transforming growth factor beta (Tgf-β), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-Csf), hepatocyte growth factor (Hgf), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (Vip) have all been found to modulate DC maturation, favoring the differentiation of tolerogenic DC, an ability which may be harnessed therapeutically for the treatment or prevention of autoimmunity, graft rejection and GvHD [23]. The gene discussed is VIP; the disease is graft versus host disease.