LPL and diabetes mellitus: Because it is the ligand for both LPL and VLDL-R, VLDL itself could be a “bridge” connecting the two proteins and act as an important regulator in cardiac energy metabolism; also, because VLDL-TAG core is a more “efficient” lipid substrate for the heart [10, 16, 18] it could be an alternative or “external” energy storage for hearts to utilise in order to adapt to various energy-stress conditions, such as diabetes.