Overexpression of eIF4E is sufficient to induce transformation of fibroblasts and primary epithelial cells in culture, and eIF4E overexpression in mice leads to increased cancer susceptibility in a range of tissues (Lazaris-Karatzas et al, 1990; Avdulov et al, 2004; Ruggero et al, 2004). Here, EIF4E is linked to cancer.