In combination with the in vitro studies with human primary cells, these results suggest that the effects of PCI-32765, a potent Btk inhibitor with demonstrated activity in NHL (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) patients, has effects on multiple cell types that contribute to the pathogenesis of RA, and is highly effective in several inflammatory disease models including CIA, CAIA, RPA, and PCA. This evidence concerns the gene BTK and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.