To evaluate the effects of other inflammatory cytokines and the combined stimuli of inflammatory cytokines on RAGE production in RA-FLS, FLS were cultured with IL-17 (10 ng/ml), TNF-α (5 ng/ml), and IL-1β (5 ng/ml) or a combination of those cytokines for 18 h (Figure 3a). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.