RI and PI on univariate analysis correlated significantly with age, serum creatinine, GFR, stage of diabetic retinopathy, and treatment group for diabetes; patients on insulin having lower values of RI and PI, on multivariate linear analysis and multivariate stepwise forward progression using RI and PI as dependent variable RI and PI correlated with age, serum creatinine, and GFR (Table 3). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetic retinopathy.