GABRA1 and epilepsy: Several mutations in this gene have also been reported to be involved in epilepsy causation that result in loss of function of GABAA receptors via a reduction in GABA expression and accelerated deactivation.[41] It is possible that the association of GABRA1 IVS11 + 15 A>G polymorphism with refractory phenotype in our study may occur due to changes in the structure and function of inhibitory GABAA receptors.[42] Excessive glutamate excitation and activation of drug resistance genes may also contribute to changes in the GABA receptor conformation and loss of drug efficacy.