TGFB1 and infection: Although our results with infected-undifferentiated peritoneal macrophages showed a tendency for diminution of TGF-β levels (Figures 2C, 3C and 6) and this was followed by increased M. avium replication, it is important to consider that TGF-β production by infected-macrophages may vary depending on the macrophages sources, on distinct strains of M. avium as well as on the time course of infection employed for detection of TGF-β production [49], [50].