Gene expression of CXCR3, the receptor for CXCL9 (MIG), CXCL10 (IP-10) and CXCL11 (I-TAC), was only detected at very low levels on monocytes from healthy volunteers and even further downregulated in CLD patients (data not shown). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL9 and congenital secretory chloride diarrhea 1.