SMAD2 and osteoradionecrosis: In osteoradionecrosis-related mucoperiosteal tissues, the overexpression of TGFβ1 causes an arrest of the EMT process in activated myofibroblasts; conversely, in BRONJ, the lack of TGFβ1 and Smad-2/3 activity attenuated the stimulation of EMT {Schultze-Mosgau, 2004 #2678}.