In osteoradionecrosis-related mucoperiosteal tissues, increased TGFβ1 and Smad-2/3, together with radiation-induced Galectin-3 were associated with perpetuation of fibrotic soft tissue remodeling and inhibition of re-epithelization {Cao, 2002 #4522}. Here, SMAD2 is linked to osteoradionecrosis.