SERPINE1 and endothelial dysfunction: Endothelial dysfunction is also associated with a prothrombotic state,44 and studies which investigated the prothrombotic state in HIV-infected populations showed increased levels of PAI-1 activity and fibrinogen.4,45,46 However, in our study neither the PAI-1 activity nor fibrinogen levels were increased in the HIV-infected subjects, indicating no signs of a prothrombotic state.