EPO and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: The anemia is mainly attributed to bone marrow replacement by lymphoma cells or inadequate erythropoietin (EPO) production which leads to suppressed erythropoiesis.3 The frequency of anemia increases in all malignancies, with the largest increase in patients with NHL (from 35.1% at baseline to 73.7%) and HL (from 21.9% to 54.5%) under the age of 60.4–6 EPO stimulates the proliferation and maturation of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow.